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http://10.0.0.195:8080/dspace/handle/11099/343
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| Title: | A more accurate formula for calculating the net longwave radiation flux in the Baltic Sea |
| Authors: | Zapadka, Tomasz
Woźniak, Bogdan
Dera, Jerzy |
| ASFA Terms: | Radiation |
| Issue Date: | 2007 |
| Publisher: | Institute of Oceanology PAS, Sopot, Poland |
| Citation: | Oceanologia, 49(4). p. 449-470 |
| Abstract: | A new, more accurate formula for calculating the net longwave radiation flux LW ↑↓ has been devised for the Baltic Sea region. To this end, the following sets of simultaneously measured data regarding the longwave radiation of the sea and the atmosphere were used: the temperatures of the sea surface and its contiguous air layer, the water vapour pressure in the air above the water, and the cloud cover. These data were gathered during numerous research cruises in the Baltic in 2000-03 and were supplemented by satellite data from Karlsson (2001) characterising the cloud cover over the whole Baltic. The formula established for LW ↑↓ can be written in the form of three alternative equations, differing with respect to their cloud cover functions:
LW ↑↓ =
0.985σT4s - σT4a (0.685+0.00452e) { (1 + d n2) average for all cloud types (Z1)
(1 + din2) separately for low-, mid- and high-level clouds (Z2)
(1 + dinγi) separately for low-, mid- and high-level clouds (Z3)
where σ - Stefan-Boltzmann constant; Ts - sea surface temperature [K]; Ta - air temperature [K]; e - water vapour pressure [mbar]; n - total cloud amount [0 - 1]; d - mean empirical dimensionless coefficient, determined for all cloud types or for particular months (see Tables 3 and 4); da - empirical coefficient determined for the quadratic function: d1 = 0.39 for low-level clouds, d2 = 0.305 for mid-level clouds, d3 = 0.22 for high-level clouds; di - empirical coefficient determined as follows: d1 = 0.39 for low-level clouds when γ1 = 1.3, d2 = 0.29 for mid-level clouds when γ2 = 1.1; d3 = 0.17 for high-level clouds when γ3 = 0.96. The improved accuracy of this formula (RMSE ≅ 10 W m-2) is due chiefly to the establishment of functions and coefficients characterising the cloud cover over the Baltic in particular months of the year and their incorporation into it. |
| URI: | http://www.ceemar.org/dspace/handle/11099/343 |
| Related document: | http://www.iopan.gda.pl/oceanologia/49_4.html#A1 |
| ISSN: | 0078-3234 |
| Appears in Collections: | Oceanologia
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